ENERGETIQ 激光驅動白光光源

關鍵詞：激光驅動白光光源、光源、、、

激光驅動光源、光驅動白光光源寬帶光源、白光光源、寬帶白光光源、激光光源、

Energetiq光源是一款高亮度，高穩定、長壽命寬譜光源，采用革命性的光源技術LDLS激光驅動光源技術，

使用連續激光直接加熱氙離子至需要的溫度，以產生 的寬頻譜光。波長范圍從170nm到2100nm以上。

無電極的LDLS技術可以產生少量，高亮度的等離子體，以獲取 的光源，并且延長了燈的使用壽命。

Energetiq公司開發的寬帶白光光源，采用激光泵浦的方式維持等離子體放電發光，

避免了使用電極所帶來的種種缺陷。首先通過高壓放電點燃燈泡內的氙氣，使氙氣

溫度升高電離變成等離子體，連續激光光束經過透鏡聚焦進入燈泡，利用激光的能

量來維持燈泡內的等離子體，此時高壓即可關閉，采用聚焦良好的激光來維持等離子體，

可以使紫外光激發穩定而且易于聚焦。LDLS的等離子體被束縛在一個很小的球狀區域內，

密度大大增加，發光亮度也大幅度提高；由于LDLS等離子體中心位置高度穩定，空間穩定

性也變得很好。這種接近于點光源的設計使LDLS在較長距離都有很好的準直性。此外LDLS

等離子體不與電極直接接觸，電極并未受到侵蝕，增加了使用壽命。

寬光譜輸出

l 170nm2100nm，一個光源滿足各種常用需求高亮度

l輸出強度是75W Xe燈的10倍、30W氘燈的100倍以上

高穩定性

l可比擬激光器的功率穩定性和空間穩定性

超長壽命

l無電極工作，單個燈泡壽命9000個小時，更低維護成本

更高的耦合效率

l光斑尺寸100um，并提供光纖以及自由光輸出選項

型號參數：

Comparing LDLS with Traditional Lamps

Laser Driven Light Source:Principle of Operation

LDLS^TM：Stable & Long-life

穩定性和壽命測試：

Spatial Stability Results

–Horizontal: 0.145 μm

–Vertical: 0.094 μm

應用領域

l UV-VIS-NIR光譜

l單色儀光源

l PEEM(光電發射電子顯微鏡)

l原子吸收光譜

l材料表征

l環境分析

l高光譜成像

l氣相測試

l顯微成像

EQ99光斑影像數據

標準附件

LDLS Fiber Optic Assemblies

光纖

l特殊設計光纖接頭，實現無縫鏈接。

光纖準直器

l雙光束尺寸：6.7mm和11mm

標準光源

l滿足NPL輻照度校準，校準波長200nm-800nm

l溫度控制燈室用于高穩定測試

耦合附件

l離軸拋面反射鏡組（OAP），多種焦距和NA數選擇

l自由光和聚焦光輸出

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

If you have a question about Energetiq’s world renowned Laser Driven Light Sources

that we haven't answered here, feel free to contact us via email atinfo@bjnbet.com

LDLS Performance

1. What is the spectral range of LDLS

The EQ-99X and EQ-77 covers the range from 170 nm to 2400 nm. Whereas the EQ-99XFC covers
the range from 190nm to 2400nm. This range is limited by the high purity synthetic quartz of the bulb and
output window.

The spectral radiance (brightness) of the LDLS exceeds that of traditional Xe and Deuterium sources
across the UV-Vis-NIR spectral range as shown in Figure 1.

The spectral radiance (brightness) of the LDLS exceeds that of traditional Tungsten sources across the
UV-Vis-NIR spectral range as shown in figure 2.

2. How much total optical power and brightness does the LDLS deliver

LDLS sources are optimized for high brightness, rather than high power. The LDLS power is

radiated from a very small plasma spot, in the range of 100 um in size, and this provides a high

brightness (spectral radiance - mwatts/nm/mm2/sr), but modest power (watts). As a guide,

the outputs of the LDLS sources are as follows.

Typically, theEQ-99Xdelivers spectral radiance (brightness) of about 10 mwatts/nm/mm2/sr

(depending on wavelength) and total power of approximately 0.5 watts, broadband measured with a thermopile.

Typically, theEQ-77delivers spectral radiance (brightness) of about 40 mwatts/nm/mm2/sr

(depending on wavelength) and total power of approximately 2.0 watts, broadband measured with a thermopile.

Fiber Coupling

3. What is the fiber connection of the EQ-99XFC and the EQ-99FC

The EQ-99XFC system has an FC connection. A standard FC connector will interface with the

EQ-99XFC lamp house. It is strongly recommended to use the high-performance, output fiber

assembly provided by Energetiq with the EQ-99XFC. The output fiber assemblies are available

in FC to SMA terminations and FC to FC terminations in a variety of fiber core sizes.

The EQ-99FC system has an SMA, threaded female connection. A standard SMA 905 connector

will interface with the EQ-99FC lamp house. If another type connector is needed, typically a fiber

patch cable with SMA on one side and the desired connection on the other can be used.

High-performance, solarization resistant SMA 905 terminated cables are available from Energetiq.

4. How much power is delivered by the EQ-99XFC

This depends on the chosen optical fiber size, the transmission characteristics of the particular fiber and
wavelength of interest. Typical output power is;

600 um core fiber, 0.22NA; 200 mwatts (broadband)

455 um core fiber; 0.22NA; 150 mwatts (broadband)

230 um core fiber, 0.22NA; 70 mwatts (broadband)

115 um core fiber, 0.22NA; 25 mwatts (broadband)

50 um core fiber,0.22NA; 5 mwatts (broadband)

9 um core single mode fiber; 40 μwatts (broadband)

5. How much spectral power is delivered by the EQ-99XFC

This depends on the chosen optical fiber, wavelength range and the fiber characteristics.

Typical performance with a 230μm diameter, 0.22NA fiber is shown in the chart below;

For larger fiber diameters, the spectral power values from the chart can be multiplied by the following
factors: 230μm multiply by 1; 450μm multiply by 2; 600μm multiply by 2.25.

6. For the EQ-99X and EQ-99XFC, is there a limit on the laser fiber length

between the power supply and the lamp house

The standard fiber length is 1 meter. Currently, a longer fiber is not available.

7. Is there a limit on the output fiber length from the lamp house to the application

Energetiq offers high performance, solarization resistant output fibers in a choice of diameters,

and a choice of 1 meter and 2 meter lengths. Since even the best optical fibers absorb light in

the deep UV, it is recommended to use the shortest fiber length possible to maximize the potential of the LDLS.

Stability

8. What is the spatial stability of the plasma in the LDLS

The position of the plasma is very precisely positioned in space by the focal point of the drive laser.

The standard deviation of the plasma light intensity 'center of mass' position is less than 0.5 um in the x,

y or z position. This is measured capturing 2500 images at 200 frames per second.

9. What is the long term drift of the LDLS

Long Term Stability (Drift): This is dominated by the Lamp House Temperature Coefficient, which is

approximately 0.3/deg C. This temperature coefficient will dominate any other system drift in the timescale of hours..

Energetiq recommends a warm-up time of approximately 30 minutes before making measurements,

to ensure that the LDLS system has reached thermal equilibrium. The actual warm-up time for a particular

application may be longer or shorter depending on the precision of measurements to be made.

Lifetime

10. How does the output power change as the bulb ages

The broadband output power reduces over time at approximately 1-2 per 1000 hours of bulb life.

11. How long is the bulb life

The typical bulb life of the EQ-99 X-Series and EQ-99 Series is greater than 9,000 hours.

The typical bulb life of the EQ-77 is greater than 9,000 hours.

LDLS Technology

12. How much laser power is used to drive the LDLS

The EQ-99X and EQ-99XFC use a laser diode module with a total power of about 20 watts.

The EQ-77 uses a laser diode module with a total power of about 50 watts.

13. What laser wavelength is used in the LDLS Products

The LDLS products use laser diode modules with wavelength of approximately 1μm

14. What is the difference between the EQ-99 Series

LDLS and the EQ-99 X-Series LDLS

The EQ-99 X-Series uses the same technology as the EQ-99 Series; however the X-Series

offers ultraclean construction for greater long-term stability and longer operating life.

The EQ-99X-FC features Fiber Protection Technology to improve long-term deep ultraviolet

output by an order of magnitude, as well as an FC connector on the lamphouse for improved

repeatability in fiber connection.

The X-series product line includes the EQ-99X and the EQ-99XFC.

Optical Considerations

15. What is the plasma size of the LDLS

The EQ-99X has a FWHM (Full Width-Half Maximum) plasma size of typically 60 μm x 140 μm

The EQ-77 has a FWHM (Full Width-Half Maximum) plasma size of typically 135 μm x 320 μm

16. What is the output beam configuration of the LDLS

The EQ-99X is a point source system with a diverging beam with a Numerical Aperture (NA)

of 0.47 for coupling of free space-optics.

The EQ-77 is a point source system with a diverging beam with a Numerical Aperture (NA) of 0.5 for
coupling of free-space optics.

Both the EQ-99X and EQ-77 are available with coupling optic accessories based on OAPs (Off- Axis Parabolic)

Mirrors which can deliver the light into, for example, the slits of a monochromator or spectrometer.

Choices of focal length are available for these coupling accessories in order to make the most efficient
optical coupling from the LDLS to the application.

The EQ-99XFC has a fiber coupled output with NA of 0.22

17. What OAP configuration is needed for coupling the

LDLS into a spectrometer or monochromator

The EQ-99X and EQ-77 have four different OAP options. Please note that the Numerical Aperture (NA) of the

OAP assembly should be slightly less than the entrance NA of the monochromator or spectrometer. Whereas

the f/# of the OAP assembly should be slightly larger than the f/# of the entrance to the system, to allow for

efficient coupling into the system.

Use the chart below to match the entrance f/# or NA of your system with the appropriate OAP Mirror Assembly.

Magnification is based on an OAP pair with 2” EFL OAP as the collecting mirror and

the second OAP (listed above) as the focusing mirror.

Set-up

18. What is the EQ-99X lamp house temperature

In normal operation in a typical lab, the EQ-99X and EQ-99XFC lamp houses reach about 55

degrees Celsius. The particular temperature of the lamp house depends on how and where the

lamp house is mounted: in a warm lab or in an enclosure the lamp house will be hotter. Mounting

the EQ-99 on an optical table, where the metal table acts to some extent as a heat sink, will cause

the lamp house to run at a lower temperature than the equivalent temperature when mounted in free-air.

19. When do I need to purge the LDLS with dry nitrogen

LDLS products produce significant amounts of deep UV light. Light below 200 nm produces ozone in the presence

of oxygen, and the ozone produced has an absorption band in the 240-270 nm range. To use light from the LDLS in

the 170 to 270 nm range, the system should be purged with clean dry nitrogen. Purging with dry nitrogen also reduced

the possibility of photo-contamination of the bulb from trace organic vapors present in room air.

20. What pressure is needed for the dry nitrogen purge

For nitrogen purging grade 6 or better gas purity is recommended to maintain cleanliness of the optics,

and gas should be filtered to <5um. Supply pressure should be 20psig (0.14 MPa). With a 20 psig inlet

pressure, the EQ-99X and EQ-99 will consume approximately 1 slm of flow. There is no return fitting for

the purge nitrogen. The purge flow normally escapes within the lamp house enclosure, and then to the atmosphere.

21. Can you purge with other gases besides nitrogen

No, only clean, dry nitrogen can be used to purge the LDLS systems.

22. Can you put a vacuum on the lamp house instead of purging with nitrogen

No. The LDLS systems will not hold vacuum and connecting to a vacuum may cause damage to the optics.

23. What is the LDLS warm-up time

Energetiq recommends a warm up time of approximately 30 minutes before making measurements, to ensure that the

LDLS system has reached thermal equilibrium. The actual warm-up time for a particular application may be longer or

shorter depending on the precision of measurements to be made.

24. What is the proper orientation of the EQ-99X or EQ-99XFC lamp house

The EQ-99X and EQ-99XFC lamp house should only be mounted so that the label that contains the

serial number is facing downward.

This is particularly important for the EQ-99XFC which must be mounted with the output fiber optic

connection on top (serial number on the bottom). The plasma moves slightly depending on gravity

and the precision ellipsoidal coupling optic in the EQ-99XFC is adjusted at the factory to optimize

output in that particular orientation.

The EQ-99X and EQ-99XFC exhibit the highest spatial and temporal stability when mounted in the

recommended orientation.

25. Can the LDLS lamp houses be mounted in other orientations

We strongly recommend that the EQ-99X, EQ-99, EQ-99XFC, EQ-99FC & EQ-77 only be mounted

in the recommended orientation.

If for optical reasons it would be desirable to have the optical output in a different orientation, please

contact the Energetiq Applications Team to discuss ways that this might be achieved.

Note

Performance measures mentioned in this list of Frequently Asked Questions are typical values

for guidance in the selection and use of LDLS products. They are not to be taken as specifications.

Please contact Energetiq for further details:info@bjnbet.com